Quantum Computation or quantum computer is a tool for the calculation , which uses direct calculation of quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and the computation and entanglement to perform operations on data. Quantum computers are different from traditional computers based on transistors . Differences with a quantum computer on a classical computer is a classical computer has a memory made up of bits , where each bitmewakili either one or zero . While a quantum computer is maintaining the order qubit.Sebuah single qubit can represent a one , a zero , or , crucially . The basic principle of quantum computers is that the quantum properties of particles can be used to represent data and data structures , and that quantum mechanics can be used to perform operations with this data . In this case the system to develop a quantum computer needed a new logic in accordance with the principles of quantum .
The idea of a quantum computer comes from some physicists , among others, Charles H. Bennett of IBM , Paul A. Benioff of Argonne National Laboratory , Illinois , David Deutsch of the University of Oxford , and Richard P. Feynman of the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) . At first the idea of the Feynman suggested that a quantum system can also perform the counting process . Fenyman also suggested that this system could be a simulator for quantum physics experiments . Furthermore, the scientists began doing research on the quantum system , they are also trying to find logic in accordance with the system . Until now it has dikemukaan two new algorithms that can be used in quantum systems and algorithms are algorithms shor grover .
Although quantum computing is still in development , has conducted experiments in which quantum computational operations carried out on a small number of qubits . Research both in theory and in practice continues in a fast pace , and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to the development both for the people and national security issues such as cryptanalysis.
Has been entrusted with a very broad , that if large -scale quantum computers can be made , then the computer can solve some problems much faster than a normal computer . Different quantum computers with classical DNA computers and computer -based transistors , although these types of computers might use principles of quantum mechanics . Some computing architectures such as optical computers despite using classical superposition of electromagnetic waves , but without a specific source sepertiketerkaitan quantum mechanics , then there could potentially have a computing speed as owned by a quantum computer .
B. Entanglement
The physicists from the University of Maryland has been one step closer to quantum computer by demonstrating the existence of entanglement between two quantum bits , each made with a type of dense circuit known as a Josephson junction .
Published in the journal Science this week , these results demonstrate the latest advances in scientific endeavors properties of quantum physics apply to the manufacture of computers are much better than existing supercomputers .
The team of physicists led by Professor Fred Wellstood from Center for Superconductivity
Research ( a research center belonging to the Department of Physics University of Maryland ) said their findings are the first to indicate the success of the creation of entanglement between qubits Josephson junction . Entanglement is a quantum mechanical effect that blurs the distance between individual particles so difficult to describe the particles separately even though you are trying to move them .
So what is Entanglement ? Entanglement is the essence of quantum computing because it is interwoven quality associated with a lot more information in quantum bits than the bits of classical computing , "said Andrew Berkley , one of the researchers . The latest findings bring the path to quantum computers , and indicates that the Josephson junction could eventually be used to build a super computer .
C. Pengoperasian the data qubits
Quantum information science begins with the fundamental resources generalize classical information - bit - into quantum bits , or qubits . As bits are ideal objects are abstracted from the principles of classical physics , qubits are quantum objects are abstracted ideal of the principles of quantum mechanics . Can be represented by a bit - magnetic region on the disc , the voltage on the circuit , or sign graphite pencil on paper made . Functioning of classical physical statuses as bits do not depend on the details of how they are realized . Similarly , the attributes qubit is independent of specific physical representation of the atomic nucleus as a centrifuge or , say , the polarization of a photon of light .
Illustrated by the status bits , 0 or 1 . Similarly , the qubit is described by quantumnya status . Two potential for qubit quantum state is equivalent to the classical bits 0 and 1 . But in quantum mechanics , any object that has two different status certainly has a series of other potential state , called superposition , that led up to the status of second -degree manifold . Qubit statuses are allowed exactly is all the status that must be achieved , in principle , by the classical bits are transplanted into the quantum world . Status - qubit state is equivalent to the points on the surface of the ball , where 0 and 1 as the south pole and the north [ see box below ] . Continuum between 0 and 1 status fostered many outstanding attributes of quantum information .
D. Quantum Gates
In quantum computers and quantum circuit model of computation in particular , a quantum logic gates or quantum gates are the basic operations of quantum circuits on a small number qubit.Mereka are the building blocks of quantum circuits , such as logic gates for circuits digitalkonvensional classic .
E. Shor's Algorithm
Shor's algorithm is a further example of the basic paradigm ( how much computational time required to find a factor of n - bit integers ? ) , But this algorithm seems isolated from most of the other findings of quantum information science . At first glance, it is just as ingenious programming tricks with little fundamental significance . Appearances are deceptive ; researchers have shown that Shor's algorithm can be interpreted as an example of a procedure to assign the energy levels of quantum systems , a process that is fundamental . As time goes on and we charge more on the map , should be so easy to understand the principles underlying Shor's algorithm and other quantum algorithms and , we hope , develop new algorithms .
